| Drug Name: | Phenobarbital (50-06-6) |
|---|---|
| PubChem ID: | 4763 |
| SMILES: | CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 |
| InchiKey: | DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Therapeutic Category: | Anticonvulsants, Central Nervous System Agents, Central Nervous System Depressants, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers, Excitatory Amino Acid Agents, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, GABA Agents, GABA Modulators, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Neurotransmitter Agents |
| Molecular Weight (dalton) | : | 232.239 |
| LogP | : | 0.7004 |
| Ring Count | : | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | : | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | : | 2 |
| Total Polar Surface Area | : | 75.27 |
This panel provides information on interacting drugs and their ADRs along with references
| Interacting drug | Toxicity | Interaction Type | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaminophen (103-90-2) | Hepatotoxicity | Antagonistic | The increased paracetamol clearance is due to the well-recognised enzyme inducing effects of the antiepileptics, which increase its metabolism (glucuronidation and oxidation) and loss from the body. In an increase in the production of the hepatotoxic oxidative metabolite of paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine | Paracetamol disposition in normal subjects and in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs |
| Griseofulvin (126-07-8) | Abolished Antifungal Effects Of Griseofulvin | Antagonistic | Not fully understood | AN EFFECT OF PHENOBARBITONE ON BLOOD-LEVELS OF GRISEOFULVIN IN MAN |
| Carbamazepine (298-46-4) | Clearance Decreased | Antagonistic | Phenobarbital and carbamazepine are both enzyme inducers, and increase each others metabolism. Phenobarbital may also induce the metabolism of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide | Effect of phenobarbital on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, an active metabolite of carbamazepine |
| Etoposide (33419-42-0) | Reduced Efficacy | Antagonistic | Unknown | Altered etoposide pharmacokinetics and time to engraftment in pediatric patients undergoingautologous bone marrow transplantation |
| Felbamate (25451-15-4) | Ataxia | Synergistic | Not established. It seems possible that the felbamate may inhibit more than one pathway in the metabolism of the phenobarbital, resulting in a reduction in its loss from the body. The cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2C19 may be involved | Pharmacokinetic interactions with felbamate In vitro-in vivo correlation |
| Pyridoxine (65-23-6) | Reduced Phenobarbital Serum Levels | Antagonistic | pyridoxine increases the activity of the liver enzymes concerned with the metabolism of these antiepileptics | Pyridoxine and serum concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbitone |
| Pethidine (57-42-1) | Cns Toxicity | Additive | Phenobarbital stimulates the liver enzymes concerned with the metabolism (N-demethylation) of pethidine so that the production of its more toxic metabolite (norpethidine) is increased | A potentially toxic drug interaction between pethidine (meperidine) and phenobarbitone |
| Cefotaxime (63527-52-6) | Skin Reaction | Additive | Not known | Unerwünschte Arzneimittelreaktionen bei gleichzeitiger Gabe von hochdosiertem Phenobarbital und Betalaktam-Antibiotika |
| Methsuximide (77-41-8) | Increased The Serum Levels Of The Active Metabolite Of Mesuximide! N-Desmethylmesuximid | Synergistic | phenobarbital compete with mesuximide for the same metabolic mechanisms (hydroxylation) in the liver. As a result metabolised more slowly and therefore their levels increase | Pharmacological interactions of mesuximide with phenobarbital and phenytoin in hospitalized epileptic patients |
This panel provides drug-protein interaction and their ADRs along with references
| Toxicity | Interacting Protein | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apap Toxicity | Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) | APAP toxicity is increased in both humans and rodents by pretreatment with various inducers of CYP gene expression@ including ethanol@ an inducer of CYP2E and CYP3A isoforms (12@ 13)@ and phenobarbital (PB)@ a well-known inducer of CYP2B@ CYP3A@ and other isoforms. [ ADR Type 4 ] | Toxicology Protecting liver from painkiller's lethal dose |
This panel provides drug-food interactions and their ADRs along with references
| Food | Toxicity | Reference |
|---|
This panel provides information on metabolites and their ADRs along with references
| Metabolite | Toxicity | Place of Metabolism | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|
This panel provides information on drug category