| Drug Name: | Levodopa (59-92-7) |
|---|---|
| PubChem ID: | 6047 |
| SMILES: | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O)O |
| InchiKey: | WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N |
| Therapeutic Category: |
| Molecular Weight (dalton) | : | 197.19 |
| LogP | : | 0.0522 |
| Ring Count | : | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | : | 4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | : | 4 |
| Total Polar Surface Area | : | 103.78 |
This panel provides information on interacting drugs and their ADRs along with references
| Interacting drug | Toxicity | Interaction Type | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methyldopa (555-30-6) | Blood Pressure Decreased | Additive | The increased hypotension may simply be due to the additive effects of the two drugs | Interaction between levodopa and methyldopa |
| Baclofen (1134-47-0) | Confusion | Antagonistic | Not understood | Baclofen in Parkinson's disease |
| Baclofen (1134-47-0) | Hallucinations! | Antagonistic | Not understood | Baclofen in Parkinson's disease |
| Baclofen (1134-47-0) | Headache | Antagonistic | Not understood | Baclofen in Parkinson's disease |
| Baclofen (1134-47-0) | Nausea | Antagonistic | Not understood | Baclofen in Parkinson's disease |
| Clonidine (4205-90-7) | Akinesia | Antagonistic | Not understood | Clonidine and the anti-parkinsonian response to L-DOPA or piribedil |
| Dacarbazine ((4342-03-4)) | Effects Of The Levodopa Was Reduced | Antagonistic | Not understood | Impaired levodopa response in Parkinson's disease during melanoma therapy |
| Diazepam (439-14-5) | Parkinson Disease | Antagonistic | Not understood | Review of 12 months' treatment with L-dopa in Parkinson's disease, with remarks on unusual side effects |
| Donepezil (120014-06-4) | Non-Significant Increase In Levodopa Levels | Synergistic | Not clear | Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and levodopa/carbidopa in patients with Parkinson's disease: assessment of pharmacokinetic changes and safety following multiple oral doses |
| Entacapone (130929-57-6) | Dyskinesia | Synergistic | When levodopa is given with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide, COMT becomes the major enzyme for metabolising levodopa, so inhibiting COMT delays the breakdown of levodopa | Entacapone prolongs levodopa response in a one month double blind study in parkinsonian patients with levodopa related fluctuations |
| Entacapone (130929-57-6) | Hallucinations | Synergistic | When levodopa is given with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide, COMT becomes the major enzyme for metabolising levodopa, so inhibiting COMT delays the breakdown of levodopa | Entacapone prolongs levodopa response in a one month double blind study in parkinsonian patients with levodopa related fluctuations |
| Entacapone (130929-57-6) | Nausea | Synergistic | When levodopa is given with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide, COMT becomes the major enzyme for metabolising levodopa, so inhibiting COMT delays the breakdown of levodopa | Entacapone prolongs levodopa response in a one month double blind study in parkinsonian patients with levodopa related fluctuations |
| Entacapone (130929-57-6) | Orthostatic Hypotension | Synergistic | When levodopa is given with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide, COMT becomes the major enzyme for metabolising levodopa, so inhibiting COMT delays the breakdown of levodopa | Entacapone prolongs levodopa response in a one month double blind study in parkinsonian patients with levodopa related fluctuations |
| Entacapone (130929-57-6) | Vomiting | Synergistic | When levodopa is given with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide, COMT becomes the major enzyme for metabolising levodopa, so inhibiting COMT delays the breakdown of levodopa | Entacapone prolongs levodopa response in a one month double blind study in parkinsonian patients with levodopa related fluctuations |
| Fluoxetine (54910-89-3) | Hallucinations | Additive | Not understood | Dopaminergic hallucinosis with fluoxetine in Parkinson's disease |
| Fluphenazine (69-23-8) | Extrapyramidal Disorder | Antagonistic | Phenothiazines block the dopamine receptors in the brain and can therefore upset the balance between cholinergic and dopaminergic components within the striatum and substantia nigra | Letter: Psychosis in patient on bromocriptine and levodopa with carbidopa |
| Imipramine (50-49-7) | Hypertensive Crisis | Synergistic | Not understood | Adverse interaction of levodopa with tricyclic antidepressants |
| Indinavir (150378-17-9) | Dyskinesia | Synergistic | Uncertain | Protease inhibitors enhance levodopa effects in Parkinson's disease |
| Isoniazid (54-85-3) | Flushing | Synergistic | Not understood | Isoniazid therapy in Parkinson's disease |
| Isoniazid (54-85-3) | Hypertension | Synergistic | Not understood | Isoniazid therapy in Parkinson's disease |
| Isoniazid (54-85-3) | Tachycardia | Synergistic | Not understood | Isoniazid therapy in Parkinson's disease |
| Isoniazid (54-85-3) | Tremor | Synergistic | Not understood | Isoniazid therapy in Parkinson's disease |
| Methyldopa (555-30-6) | Dyskinesia | Synergistic | Methyldopa inhibits the breakdown of levodopa outside the brain (by dopa decarboxylase) so that more is available to exert its therapeutic effects. | Methyldopa or methyldopahydrazine as levodopa synergists |
| Metoclopramide (364-62-5) | Extrapyramidal Disorder | Synergistic | Uncertain | Increased Incidence of Levodopa Therapy Following Metoclopramide Use |
| Papaverine (58-74-2) | Parkinsonism | Antagonistic | Not understood | Antagonism of levodopa by papaverine |
| Penicillamine (52-67-5) | Dyskinesia | Synergistic | Not understood | Effect of D-penicillamine on pharmacokinetics of levodopa in Parkinson's disease |
| Pergolide (66104-22-1) | Confusion | Additive | Additive dopaminergic effects would be expected. The serotonin syndrome is thought to occur because of increased stimulation of the 5-HT receptors in the brainstem and spinal cord | Clinico-pathologic correlation of liver damage in patients treated with 6-mercaptopurine and adriamycin |
| Pergolide (66104-22-1) | Dyskinesia | Additive | Additive dopaminergic effects would be expected. The serotonin syndrome is thought to occur because of increased stimulation of the 5-HT receptors in the brainstem and spinal cord | Increased Incidence of Levodopa Therapy Following Metoclopramide Use |
| Pergolide (66104-22-1) | Hallucinations | Additive | Additive dopaminergic effects would be expected. The serotonin syndrome is thought to occur because of increased stimulation of the 5-HT receptors in the brainstem and spinal cord | Clinical pharmacokinetics of 3-day continuous infusion cisplatin and daily bolus 5-Fluorouracil |
| Prochlorperazine (58-38-8) | Decrease The Effect Of Levodopa | Antagonistic | Phenothiazines block the dopamine receptors in the brain and can therefore upset the balance between cholinergic and dopaminergic components within the striatum and substantia nigra | Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa |
| Pyridoxine (65-23-6) | Effects Of Levodopa Are Reduced | Antagonistic | The conversion of levodopa to dopamine within the body requires the presence of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (derived from pyridoxine) as a co-factor. When dietary amounts of pyridoxine are high, the peripheral metabolism of levodopa by dopa-decarboxylase is increased so that less is available for entry into the CNS | Pyridoxine reversal of L-dopa effects in Parkinsonism |
| Reserpine (50-55-5) | Reduction In The Antiparkinsonian Activity Of Levodopa | Antagonistic | Reserpine deplete the brain of monoamines, including dopamine, thereby reducing their effects. | Interactions between levodopa and other drugs: significance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Agitation | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Cardiac Arrhythmias | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Confusion | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Dyskinesia | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Hallucinations | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Headache | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Nausea | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Postural Hypotension | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Selegiline (14611-51-9) | Vertigo | Additive | MAO-B inhibitors prevent the metabolism of dopamine, therefore additive dopaminergic effects occur with levodopa. | Movement Disorders : A Brief Guide in Medication Management |
| Tacrine (321-64-2) | Gait Abnormal | Synergistic | Not clear | Exacerbation of parkinsonism by tacrine |
| Tacrine (321-64-2) | Stiffness | Synergistic | Not clear | Exacerbation of parkinsonism by tacrine |
| Tacrine (321-64-2) | Tremor | Synergistic | Not clear | Exacerbation of parkinsonism by tacrine |
| Trihexyphenidyl (144-11-6) | Lowered The Peak Plasma Level Of Levodopa | Antagonistic | The small intestine is the major site of absorption for levodopa. Delayed gastric emptying, which can be caused by antimuscarinics,because the gastric mucosa has more time to metabolise the levodopa to dopamine | Effect of anticholinergic drugs on gastro-intestinal absorption of L-dopa in rats and in man |
This panel provides drug-protein interaction and their ADRs along with references
This panel provides drug-food interactions and their ADRs along with references
| Food | Toxicity | Reference |
|---|
This panel provides information on metabolites and their ADRs along with references
| Metabolite | Toxicity | Place of Metabolism | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|
This panel provides information on drug category