This panel provides drug-protein interaction and their ADRs along with references
| Toxicity |
Interacting Protein |
Mechanism |
Reference |
| Apoptosis | Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) (Q99576) | GILZ is a candidate transcription factor involved in the regulation of apoptosis of T cells [ ADR Type 2 ] | A new dexamethasone-induced gene of the leucine zipper family protects T lymphocytes from TCR/CD3-activated cell death
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| Apoptosis | Interferon alpha-7 (P01567) | Stimulation with either IFN-alpha or IL-6 resulted in STAT3 phosphorylation,which may induce apoptosis when treating with dexamethasone. [ ADR Type 5 ] | IFN-alpha is a survival factor for human myeloma cells and reduces dexamethasone-induced apoptosis
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| Apoptosis | Interleukin-6 precursor (P05231) | Removal of IL-6 in four IL-6-dependent myeloma cell lines induce apoptosis when treating with dexamethasone [ ADR Type 5 ] | IFN-alpha is a survival factor for human myeloma cells and reduces dexamethasone-induced apoptosis
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| Apoptosis | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (Q15759) | Dex-induced apoptosis is associated with a significant decrease in the activities of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p70S6K. [ ADR Type 2 ] | Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism
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| Apoptosis | p70S6K (P00041) | Dex-induced apoptosis is associated with a significant decrease in the activities of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p70S6K [ ADR Type 2 ] | Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism
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| Apoptosis | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (Q9ZP54) | Dex induce poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage@ a signature event of apoptosis. [ ADR Type 2 ] | Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism
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| Apoptosis | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P40763) | Stimulation with either IFN-alpha or IL-6 resulted in STAT3 phosphorylation@which may induce apoptosis when treating with dexamethasone [ ADR Type 5 ] | IFN-alpha is a survival factor for human myeloma cells and reduces dexamethasone-induced apoptosis
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| Apoptosis Of Multiple Myeloma Cells | C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein (Q9UQF2) | Associated with activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase@which leads to apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism. [ ADR Type 2 ] | Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism
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| Apoptosis Of Multiple Myeloma Cells | stress-activated protein kinases(SAPKs) (P00056) | Associated with activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase,which leads to apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism. [ ADR Type 2 ] | Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism
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| Cushing Syndrome | Glucose transporter-4 (P14672) | Glucose metabolism in cushing#s syndrome is affected partly by a decrease of GLUT4 in the adipocytes. [ ADR Type 1 ] | Dexamethasone-induced changes in glucose transporter 4 in rat heart muscle, skeletal muscle and adipocytes
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| Deep Vein Thrombosis | Thrombomodulin (P07204) | Thrombomodulin showed significant variations between baseline and 1st-month values and 1st- and 3rd-month values@which leads to deep venous thrombosis (DVT). [ ADR Type 1 ] | Modification of thrombomodulin plasma levels in refractory myeloma patients during treatment with thalidomide and dexamethasone
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| Differentiation Of Mouse Myeloid Leukemia Cells | Interleukin-4 (P05112) | Inhibition by interleukin 4 of leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin 6 are associated with dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells [ ADR Type 5 ] | Inhibition by interleukin 4 of leukemia inhibitory factor-, interleukin 6-, and dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells: role of c-myc and junB proto-oncogenes
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| Hepatic Lipidosis | Haptoglobin (P00738) | Possible involvement of protein kinase C with induction of haptoglobin in cows by treatment with dexamethasone,which leads to hepatic lipidosis(fatty liver)in cows. [ ADR Type 2 ] | A Possible involvement of protein kinase C with induction of haptoglobin in cows by treatment with dexamethasone and by starvation
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| Hepatic Lipidosis | Protein kinase C (P00045) | Possible involvement of protein kinase C with induction of haptoglobin in cows by treatment with dexamethasone,which leads to hepatic lipidosis(fatty liver)in cows [ ADR Type 2 ] | A Possible involvement of protein kinase C with induction of haptoglobin in cows by treatment with dexamethasone and by starvation
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| Hyperglycemia | hepatic estrogen Sulfotransferase (P49888) | Dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in obese Avy/a (viable yellow) female mice entails preferential induction of a hepatic estrogen Sulfotransferase. [ ADR Type 2 ] | Dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in obese Avy/a (viable yellow) female mice entails preferential induction of a hepatic estrogen sulfotransferase
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| Marked Stimulatory Effect | Proinsulin (Q5EEX2) | Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a marked stimulatory effect on proinsulin mRNA/microgram RNA (+236%@ p [ ADR Type 1 ] | Differential expression of rat pancreatic islet beta-cell glucose transporter (GLUT 2), proinsulin and islet amyloid polypeptide genes after prolonged fasting, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and dexamethasone
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| Myeloid Leukemia | Interleukin-4 (P05112) | Inhibition by interleukin 4 of leukemia inhibitory factor@interleukin 6- is associated with dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells [ ADR Type 5 ] | Inhibition by interleukin 4 of leukemia inhibitory factor-, interleukin 6-, and dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells: role of c-myc and junB proto-oncogenes
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| Osteoblast Differentiation | Alkaline phosphatase (P05187) | Dexamethasone effects on certain osteoblast differentiated features@ such as induction of alkaline phosphatase activity are not strictly dependent on cadherin function [ ADR Type 1 ] | Differential regulation of cadherins by dexamethasone in human osteoblastic cells
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| Osteoblast Differentiation | Brain-cadherin (BR-cadherin) (P55289) | Direct cell-cell adhesion via N-cadherin (N-cad) is critical for BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation [ ADR Type 2 ] | Differential regulation of cadherins by dexamethasone in human osteoblastic cells
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| Osteoblast Differentiation | Cadherin-11 (P55287) | Direct cell-cell adhesion via CADherin-11 (C11) is critical for BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation [ ADR Type 2 ] | Differential regulation of cadherins by dexamethasone in human osteoblastic cells
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| Osteoblast Differentiation | Cadherin-4 (P55283) | Direct cell-cell adhesion via cadherin-4 (C4) is critical for BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation. [ ADR Type 2 ] | Differential regulation of cadherins by dexamethasone in human osteoblastic cells
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| Oxidative Injury | Heme oxygenase 1 (P09601) | Dexamethasone inhibits IL-6 and heme-induced HO-1 expression in rabbit coronary endothelial cells@leading to promote oxidative injury such as endotoxins and heme@ which is carried out by activation of a transcriptional protein in competition with the STAT3 binding site [ ADR Type 5 ] | Negative regulation of human heme oxygenase in microvessel endothelial cells by dexamethasone
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| Oxidative Injury Such As Endotoxins And Heme | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P40763) | STAT3-specific probe inhibited nuclear binding protein to the putative HO-1-STAT3 sequence@suggestting that IL-6 induction of human HO-1 is mediated via the JAK-STAT pathway@which leads to promote oxidative injury such as endotoxins and heme. [ ADR Type 5 ] | Negative regulation of human heme oxygenase in microvessel endothelial cells by dexamethasone
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| Peptic Ulcers | Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (P20711) | The activity of HDC in rat oxyntic mucosa increased significantly after dexamethasone was injected@accelerated turnover of histamine in oxyntic mucosa may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers [ ADR Type 1 ] | Effects of dexamethasone on the activity of histidine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and dopa decarboxylase in rat oxyntic mucosa
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| Peptic Ulcers | Gastrin (P01350) | Dexamethasone influences the metabolism of histamine and polyamines in rat oxyntic mucosa both DIRECTLY and via STIMULATION of Gastrin release,accelerated turnover of histamine in oxyntic mucosa may be an important factor in the PATHOGENESIS of PEPTIC ULCERS [ ADR Type 1 ] | Effects of dexamethasone on the activity of histidine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and dopa decarboxylase in rat oxyntic mucosa
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| Peptic Ulcers | Histidine decarboxylase (Q8L0Z4) | The activity of Histidine decarboxylase INCREASED at 4 h@accelerated turnover of histamine in oxyntic mucosa may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers [ ADR Type 1 ] | Effects of dexamethasone on the activity of histidine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and dopa decarboxylase in rat oxyntic mucosa
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| Peptic Ulcers | Ornithine decarboxylase (P11926) | The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) INCREASED at 4 h@accelerated turnover of histamine in oxyntic mucosa may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers [ ADR Type 1 ] | Effects of dexamethasone on the activity of histidine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and dopa decarboxylase in rat oxyntic mucosa
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| Pulmonary Inflammation | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (P19838) | Treatment with dexamethasone at -3 h prior to silica instillation@ at the time of instillation (0 h)@ and +1.5 h postinstillation resulted in both a reduction in NF-kappa B expression (by 70%) at 3 h postinstillation and corresponding reductions in LDCL@ BAL cell count@ and BAL neutrophils@which is associated with silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. [ ADR Type 5 ] | Silica-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats: activation of NF-kappa B and its suppression by dexamethasone
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| Stimulatory Effect | Islet amyloid polypeptide (P10997) | Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a marked stimulatory effect on proinsulin mRNA/microgram RNA (+236%@ p [ ADR Type 1 ] | Differential expression of rat pancreatic islet beta-cell glucose transporter (GLUT 2), proinsulin and islet amyloid polypeptide genes after prolonged fasting, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and dexamethasone
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